Assembling learning objects for personalized learning. An AI planning perspective

© 2013 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.[EN] The aim of educational systems is to assemble learning objects on a set of topics tailored to the goals and individual students' styles. Given the amount of available Learning Objects, the challenge of e-learning is to select the proper objects, define their relationships, and adapt their sequencing to the specific needs, objectives, and background of the student. This article describes the general requirements for course adaptation, the full potential of applying planning techniques on the construction of personalized e-learning routes, and how to accommodate the temporal and resource constraints to make the course applicable in a real scenario.This work has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) under projects TIN2008-06701-C03-01, Consolider Ingenio 2010 CSD2007-00022, and the Valencian Prometeo project 2008/051.Garrido, A.; Onaindia De La Rivaherrera, E. (2013). Assembling learning objects for personalized learning. An AI planning perspective. IEEE Intelligent Systems. 28(2):64-73. https://doi.org/10.1109/MIS.2011.36S647328

Multimodal Classification of Teaching Activities from University Lecture Recordings

[EN] The way of understanding online higher education has greatly changed due to the worldwide pandemic situation. Teaching is undertaken remotely, and the faculty incorporate lecture audio recordings as part of the teaching material. This new online teaching-learning setting has largely impacted university classes. While online teaching technology that enriches virtual classrooms has been abundant over the past two years, the same has not occurred in supporting students during online learning. To overcome this limitation, our aim is to work toward enabling students to easily access the piece of the lesson recording in which the teacher explains a theoretical concept, solves an exercise, or comments on organizational issues of the course. To that end, we present a multimodal classification algorithm that identifies the type of activity that is being carried out at any time of the lesson by using a transformer-based language model that exploits features from the audio file and from the automated lecture transcription. The experimental results will show that some academic activities are more easily identifiable with the audio signal while resorting to the text transcription is needed to identify others. All in all, our contribution aims to recognize the academic activities of a teacher during a lesson.This research was funded by the project CAR: Classroom Activity Recognition of GENERALITAT VALENCIANA. CONSELLERIA D'EDUCACIO grant number PROMETEO/2019/111.Sapena Vercher, O.; Onaindia De La Rivaherrera, E. (2022). Multimodal Classification of Teaching Activities from University Lecture Recordings. Applied Sciences. 12(9):1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/app1209478511812

Context-Aware Multi-Agent Planning in intelligent environments

A system is context-aware if it can extract, interpret and use context information and adapt its functionality to the current context of use. Multi-agent planning generalizes the problem of planning in domains where several agents plan and act together, and share resources, activities, and goals. This contribution presents a practical extension of a formal theoretical model for Context-Aware Multi-Agent Planning based upon an argumentationbased defeasible logic. Our framework, named CAMAP, is implemented on a platform for open multiagent systems and has been experimentally tested, among others, in applications of ambient intelligence in the field of health-care. CAMAP is based on a multi-agent partial-order planning paradigm in which agents have diverse abilities, use an argumentation-based defeasible contextual reasoning to support their own beliefs and refute the beliefs of the others according to their context knowledge during the plan search process. CAMAP shows to be an adequate approach to tackle ambient intelligence problems as it gathers together in a single framework the ability of planning while it allows agents to put forward arguments that support or argue upon the accuracy, unambiguity and reliability of the context-aware information.This work is mainly supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education under the FPU Grant Reference AP2009-1896 awarded to Sergio Pajares Ferrando, and Projects, TIN2011-27652-C03-01, and Consolider Ingenio 2010 CSD2007-00022.Pajares Ferrando, S.; Onaindia De La Rivaherrera, E. (2013). Context-Aware Multi-Agent Planning in intelligent environments. Information Sciences. 227:22-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2012.11.021S224222

Defeasible-argumentation-based multi-agent planning

[EN] This paper presents a planning system that uses defeasible argumentation to reason about context information during the construction of a plan. The system is designed to operate in cooperative multi-agent environments where agents are endowed with planning and argumentation capabilities. Planning allows agents to contribute with actions to the construction of the plan, and argumentation is the mechanism that agents use to defend or attack the planning choices according to their beliefs. We present the formalization of the model and we provide a novel specification of the qualification problem. The multi-agent planning system, which is designed to be domain-independent, is evaluated with two planning tasks from the problem suites of the International Planning Competition. We compare our system with a non-argumentative planning framework and with a different approach of planning and argumentation. The results will show that our system obtains less costly and more robust solution plans.This work has been partly supported by the Spanish MINECO under project TIN2014-55637-C2-2-R and the Valencian project PROMETEO II/2013/019.Pajares Ferrando, S.; Onaindia De La Rivaherrera, E. (2017). Defeasible-argumentation-based multi-agent planning. Information Sciences. 411:1-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2017.05.014S12241

On the Representativeness of OpenStreetMap for the Evaluation of Country Tourism Competitiveness

[EN] Since 2007, the World Economic Forum (WEF) has issued data on the factors and policies that contribute to the development of tourism and competitiveness across countries worldwide. While WEF compiles the yearly report out of data from governmental and private stakeholders, we seek to analyze the representativeness of the open and collaborative platform OpenStreetMap (OSM) to the international tourism scene. For this study, we selected eight parameters indicative of the tourism development of each country, such as the number of beds or cultural sites, and we extracted the OSM objects representative of these indicators. Then, we performed a statistical and regression analysis of the OSM data to compare and model the data emitted by WEF with data from OSM. Our aim is to analyze the tourist representativeness of the OSM data with respect to official reports to better understand when OSM data can be used to complement the official information and, in some cases, when official information is scarce or non-existent, to assess whether the OSM information can be a substitute. Results show that OSM data provide a fairly accurate picture of official tourism statistics for most variables. We also discuss the reasons why OSM data is not so representative for some variables in some specific countries. All in all, this work represents a step towards the exploitation of open and collaborative data for tourism.This work has been supported by COLCIENCIAS through a PhD scholarship.Bustamante, A.; Sebastiá Tarín, L.; Onaindia De La Rivaherrera, E. (2021). On the Representativeness of OpenStreetMap for the Evaluation of Country Tourism Competitiveness. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 10(5):1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10050301S12210

A Decentralized Multi-Agent Coordination Method for Dynamic and Constrained Production Planning

[EN] In the capacitated production planning problem, quantities of products need to be determined at consecutive periods within a given time horizon when product demands, costs, and production capacities vary through time. We focus on a general formulation of this problem where each product is produced in one step and setup cost is paid at each period of production. Additionally, products can be anticipated or backordered in respect to the demand period. We propose a computationally efficient decentralized approach based on the spillover effect relating to the accumulation of production costs of each product demand through time. The performance of the spillover algorithm is compared against the state-of-the-art mixed integer programming branch-and-bound solver CPLEX 12.8 considering optimality gap and computational time.This work is supported by: the Spanish MINECO projects RTI2018-095390-B-C33 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) and TIN2017- 88476-C2-1-R, the French ADEME project E-Logistics, and an STSM Grant funded by the European ICT COST Action IC1406, cHiPSet.Lujak, M.; Fernandez, A.; Onaindia De La Rivaherrera, E. (2020). A Decentralized Multi-Agent Coordination Method for Dynamic and Constrained Production Planning. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems. 1913-1915. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/179784S1913191

Observation Decoding with Sensor Models: Recognition Tasks via Classical Planning

[EN] Observation decoding aims at discovering the underlyingstate trajectory of an acting agent from a sequence of observa-tions. This task is at the core of various recognition activitiesthat exploit planning as resolution method but there is a gen-eral lack of formal approaches that reason about the partialinformation received by the observer or leverage the distri-bution of the observations emitted by the sensors. In this pa-per, we formalize the observation decoding task exploiting aprobabilistic sensor model to build more accurate hypothesisabout the behaviour of the acting agent. Our proposal extendsthe expressiveness of former recognition approaches by ac-cepting observation sequences where one observation of thesequence can represent the reading of more than one variable,thus enabling observations over actions and partially observ-able states simultaneously. We formulate the probability dis-tribution of the observations perceived when the agent per-forms an action or visits a state as a classical cost planningtask that is solved with an optimal planner. The experimentswill show that exploiting a sensor model increases the accu-racy of predicting the agent behaviour in four different con-textsThis work is supported by the Spanish MINECO project TIN2017-88476-C2-1-R. D. Aineto is partially supported by the FPU16/03184 and S. Jimenez by the RYC15/18009Aineto, D.; Jiménez-Celorrio, S.; Onaindia De La Rivaherrera, E. (2020). Observation Decoding with Sensor Models: Recognition Tasks via Classical Planning. Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. 11-19. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/178902S111

BITOUR: A Business Intelligence Platform for Tourism Analysis

[EN] Integrating collaborative data in data-driven Business Intelligence (BI) system brings an opportunity to foster the decision-making process towards improving tourism competitiveness. This article presents BITOUR, a BI platform that integrates four collaborative data sources (Twitter, Openstreetmap, Tripadvisor and Airbnb). BITOUR follows a classical BI architecture and provides functionalities for data transformation, data processing, data analysis and data visualization. At the core of the data processing, BITOUR offers mechanisms to identify tourists in Twitter, assign tweets to attractions and accommodation sites from Tripadvisor and Airbnb, analyze sentiments in opinions issued by tourists, and all this using geolocation objects in Openstreetmap. With all these ingredients, BITOUR enables data analysis and visualization to answer questions like the most frequented places by tourists, the average stay length or the view of visitors of some particular destination.This work has been supported by COLCIENCIAS through a PhD scholarship. This work is supported by the Spanish MINECO project TIN2017-88476-C2-1-R.Bustamante, A.; Sebastiá Tarín, L.; Onaindia De La Rivaherrera, E. (2020). BITOUR: A Business Intelligence Platform for Tourism Analysis. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 9(11):1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9110671S123911Nakahira, K. T., Akahane, M., & Fukami, Y. (2012). The Difference and Limitation of Cognition for Piano Playing Skill with Difference Educational Design. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 609-617. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-29934-6_59Chua, A., Servillo, L., Marcheggiani, E., & Moere, A. V. (2016). Mapping Cilento: Using geotagged social media data to characterize tourist flows in southern Italy. Tourism Management, 57, 295-310. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2016.06.013Karagiannakis, N., Giannopoulos, G., Skoutas, D., & Athanasiou, S. (2015). OSMRec Tool for Automatic Recommendation of Categories on Spatial Entities in OpenStreetMap. Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. doi:10.1145/2792838.2796555Burcher, M., & Whelan, C. (2017). Social network analysis as a tool for criminal intelligence: understanding its potential from the perspectives of intelligence analysts. Trends in Organized Crime, 21(3), 278-294. doi:10.1007/s12117-017-9313-8Alcabnani, S., Oubezza, M., & Elkafi, J. (2019). An approach for the implementation of semantic Big Data Analytics in the Social Business Intelligence process on distributed environments (Cloud computing). 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Can Tourist Attractions Boost Other Activities Around? A Data Analysis through Social Networks

[EN] Promoting a tourist destination requires uncovering travel patterns and destination choices, identifying the profile of visitors and analyzing attitudes and preferences of visitors for the city. To this end, tourism-related data are an invaluable asset to understand tourism behaviour, obtain statistical records and support decision-making for business around tourism. In this work, we study the behaviour of tourists visiting top attractions of a city in relation to the tourist influx to restaurants around the attractions. We propose to undertake this analysis by retrieving information posted by visitors in a social network and using an open access map service to locate the tweets in a influence area of the city. Additionally, we present a pattern recognition based technique to differentiate visitors and locals from the collected data from the social network. We apply our study to the city of Valencia in Spain and Berlin in Germany. The results show that, while in Valencia the most frequented restaurants are located near top attractions of the city, in Berlin, it is usually the case that the most visited restaurants are far away from the relevant attractions of the city. The conclusions from this study can be very insightful for destination marketers.This work is supported by the Spanish MINECO project TIN2017-88476-C2-1-R.Bustamante, A.; Sebastiá Tarín, L.; Onaindia De La Rivaherrera, E. (2019). Can Tourist Attractions Boost Other Activities Around? A Data Analysis through Social Networks. Sensors. 19(11):1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19112612S1251911Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017http://reports.weforum.org/travel-and-tourism-competitiveness-report-2017/OECD Datahttps://data.oecd.org/Travel &Tourism: Economic Impact 2019 Worldhttps://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic-impact-research/regions-2019/world2019.pdfCohen, S. A., Prayag, G., & Moital, M. (2013). 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On the design of individual and group recommender systems for tourism

[EN] This paper presents a recommender system for tourism based on the tastes of the users, their demographic classification and the places they have visited in former trips. The system is able to offer recommendations for a single user or a group of users. The group recommendation is elicited out of the individual personal recommendations through the application of mechanisms such as aggregation and intersection. The elicitation mechanism is implemented as an extension of e-Tourism, a user-adapted tourism and leisure application whose main component is the Generalist Recommender System Kernel (GRSK), a domain-independent taxonomy-driven recommender system. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Partial support provided by Consolider Ingenio 2010 CSD2007–00022, Spanish Government Project MICINN TIN2008–06701-C03–01 and Valencian Government Project Prometeo 2008/051.García García, I.; Sebastiá Tarín, L.; Onaindia De La Rivaherrera, E. (2011). On the design of individual and group recommender systems for tourism. Expert Systems with Applications. 38(6):7683-7692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2010.12.1437683769238